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Metis Classification
Metis is a Dewey-free library classification system developed and implemented in 2011 by Sue Giffard, Tali Baas Kaplan, Jennifer Still, and Andrea Dolloff, the librarians at the Ethical Culture School in New York City. The system places the thinking, interests, information needs and information-seeking behavior of children at its center. It was developed as an alternative to the Dewey Decimal Classification System and the practices which customarily accompany that system in school and public libraries in the United States: namely, the alphabetical arrangement of fiction by author, and the frequent arrangement of biographies in alphabetical order by biographee. The Metis system (named for Metis the Titan who was the mother of Athena in Greek mythology) was designed to encourage productive independent browsing by children, as well as allowing for successful catalog searching by elementary school students.
==Theoretical Foundations==
Metis draws on a number of sources for its foundational ideas and approach. A number of authors have stressed the importance of browsing potential in a successful classification system, notably A.C. Foskett〔Foskett, A. C. The Subject Approach to Information. 5th ed. London: Library Association, 1996: 26〕 and Robert Losee.〔Losee, Robert M. "How to Study Classification Systems and Their Appropriateness for Individual Institutions." Classification: Options and Opportunities. Ed. Alan R. Thomas. New York: Haworth, 1995: 45〕 This suggested the need to investigate browsing and information-seeking behavior. Similarly, Thomas's contention that in constructing a classification system one needed to "use communally accepted patterns of subject order and relationships"〔Thomas, Alan R. "Blissful Beliefs: Henry Evelyn Bliss Counsels on Classification." Classification: Options and Opportunities. Ed. Alan R. Thomas. New York: Haworth, 1995: 20〕 showed a need to investigate children's modes of categorizing information. Linda Cooper's work was extremely influential in this regard.〔Cooper, Linda Z. "Methodology for a Project Examining Cognitive Categories for Library Information in Young Children." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 53.14 (2002): 1223-1231〕〔Cooper, Linda Z. "A Study of the Relationships between Categories of Library Information as Typified by Young Children." Emerging Frameworks and Methods: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science. New York: Libraries Unlimited, 2002. 17-32.〕
From a more general education perspective, the work in devising Metis was deeply influenced by the fact that the Ethical Culture School library is part of a progressive elementary school, where children's developmental needs are given a central importance.
At the level of library practice, Metis was influenced by the work done at the Rangeview Public Library, the Markham Public Library, the Children's Department at the Darien Library, and Lyn Donbroski's article about innovations at the East Sussex ounty Library in the early 1980s.〔Donbroski, Lyn. "Categorisation at East Sussex County Library." Alternative Arrangement: New Approaches to Public Library Stock. Ed. Patricia Ainley and Barry Totterdell. London: Association of Assistant Librarians, 1982. 78-87.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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